1. Early Childhood: Growing with Nature

Life in Donora and Memory of a Disaster

Robert Costanza was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on September 14, 1950. Donora was an industrial city that flourished due to the steel related industry; however, in October 1948, two years before his birth, noxious pollutant from local steel and zinc industries, which caused smog, covered the city, damaging the health and causing the numerous deaths of many residents. This incident raised public awareness in the United States about the environment and played an important role in establishing subsequent environmental regulations.

As a child, Robert grew up with an acute awareness of environmental issues like this. Through his interactions and connections with family and the local community, he may well have had more occasions, perhaps subconsciously, to ponder about the relationship between industrialization and the environment.

Young Robert (far left)

Young Robert (far left)

Growing Up Freely in Nature

After living in Donora until the age of eight, Robert's family moved to South Florida. At that time, Florida was blessed with a rich natural environment. He spent his middle and high school years surrounded by nature, including the ocean and national parks. While he was interested in all his subjects at school, he had a special interest in aerospace engineering. The United States at that time was engaged in fierce competition in space exploration, commonly known as The Space Race. Robert wasn't the only one interested in space exploration; the entire nation was obsessed by it. Robert entered the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Purdue University in Indiana, a university with an international reputation for engineering. While studying aerospace engineering, he became more interested in creative pursuits and switched his major to architecture, a field that is engineering-based but calls for imagination.

This shift from space to architecture was the beginning of his journey toward playing an active role in ecological economics.

2. From Architecture to Ecological Economics

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Professor Robert Costanza

English